Part II describes the role of token procedures in the symmetrical law of effect, the view that reinforcers (gains) and punishers (losses) can be measured in conceptually analogous terms. Part I reviews and discusses previous research on token systems in relation to common behavioral functions-reinforcement, temporal organization, antecedent stimulus functions, and aversive control-emphasizing both the continuities with other contingencies and the distinctive features of token systems. The paper is divided into four main parts.
Token reinforcement procedures and concepts are reviewed and discussed in relation to general principles of behavior.
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